Are you curious to know what is gattermann reaction? You have come to the right place as I am going to tell you everything about gattermann reaction in a very simple explanation. Without further discussion let’s begin to know what is gattermann reaction?
What Is Gattermann Reaction?
Gattermann reaction is a chemical reaction used in organic chemistry to synthesize aldehydes. The reaction was named after the German chemist Ludwig Gattermann who developed the reaction in 1897. In this blog post, we will explore Gattermann reaction in more detail, including its mechanism, applications, and limitations.
Mechanism Of Gattermann Reaction
Gattermann reaction involves the reaction of benzene with carbon monoxide (CO) in the presence of hydrogen chloride (HCl) and anhydrous aluminum chloride (AlCl3) as a catalyst. The reaction produces benzaldehyde as the main product.
The mechanism of Gattermann reaction involves the following steps:
- Formation of a complex between AlCl3 and HCl: AlCl3 reacts with HCl to form a Lewis acid-base complex.
- Formation of the electrophile: CO is activated by the Lewis acid catalyst to form an electrophilic species, which is attacked by the benzene ring to form a carbocation intermediate.
- Reduction of the carbocation: The carbocation intermediate is then reduced by HCl to form the final product, benzaldehyde.
Applications Of Gattermann Reaction
Gattermann reaction is widely used in organic synthesis to produce aldehydes. It is particularly useful for synthesizing benzaldehyde, which is an important intermediate in the production of various pharmaceuticals, perfumes, and flavors. The reaction can also be used to produce other aldehydes by using different aromatic compounds in place of benzene.
Limitations Of Gattermann Reaction
While the Gattermann reaction is a useful tool in organic synthesis, it has several limitations. One major limitation is that the reaction requires a high pressure of carbon monoxide, which can be dangerous and difficult to handle. Additionally, the reaction is not suitable for synthesizing aldehydes with more than one substituent group, as the reaction tends to favor mono-substituted products.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Gattermann reaction is a chemical reaction used in organic chemistry to synthesize aldehydes. The reaction involves the reaction of benzene with carbon monoxide in the presence of hydrogen chloride and anhydrous aluminum chloride as a catalyst. Gattermann reaction is particularly useful for synthesizing benzaldehyde, which is an important intermediate in the production of various pharmaceuticals, perfumes, and flavors. While the reaction has several limitations, it remains an important tool in organic synthesis.
FAQ
What Is Meant By Gattermann’s Reaction?
The gattermann reaction can be defined as a method of formylation of aromatic ring compounds. The reaction is also known by the name of Gattermann salicylaldehyde synthesis as well as Gattermann formylation. The gattermann reaction is similar to the Friedel-Crafts reaction.
What Is Gattermann’s Reaction In Ncert 12?
Gattermann reaction is used in the synthesis of aromatic compounds. Aromatic aldehyde, as well as aromatic halide, can be obtained from this reaction. “Chlorine or bromine can also be introduced in the benzene ring by treating the diazonium salt solution with corresponding halogen acid in the presence of copper powder.
What Is Gattermann Koch’s Reaction To Class 12?
Gattermann-Koch reaction:- When benzene or its derivative is treated with carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride or cuprous chloride, it gives benzaldehyde or substituted benzaldehyde. This reaction is known as the Gattermann Koch reaction.
What Is An Example Of A Gattermann Reaction?
This reaction is used for obtaining chlorobenzene or bromobenzene from benzenediazonium chloride by treating it with Cu/HCl or Cu/HBr respectively.
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